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Founded in 1964, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) operates under the aegis of two United Nations Agencies: UNESCO and IAEA and is regularised by a seat agreement with the Government of Italy.

 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): This UN agency was founded on November 16, 1945. Its aim is not merely to build classrooms in devastated countries or publish scientific breakthroughs. It views Education, Social and Natural Science, Culture and Communication as the means to the far more ambitious goal of building peace in the minds of men and women.

 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): This UN agency, which is the world's center of cooperation in the nuclear field, was set up as the world's "Atoms for Peace" organization in 1957. The Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies. Three main areas of work underpin the IAEA's mission: Safety and Security, Science and Technology and Safeguards and Verification.

 Government of Italy: Italy has the tradition of sponsoring many international institutions to promote development and understanding among nations. In particular, it supports several scientific institutions in Trieste with the purpose of promoting advanced scientific research and its peaceful applications in developing countries.

Its goals are to

• Foster the growth of advanced studies and research in physics and mathematics, especially among researchers from developing countries;
• Provide an international forum for the exchange of information and ideas among scientists from the North and South;
• Maintain excellent research facilities for visitors, associates and fellows, principally from developing countries, who participate in the Centre's research and training activities.